Advance injectors in smart engines

ADVANCE INJECTORS IN SMART ENGINES

ADVANCE INJECTORS IN SMART ENGINES

ABSTRACT: -

Automobile has become an unavoidable in modern life. But the changes in the field of automobile are reaching a higher level every day. In recent trends the fuel limitation and power are accounted more. The diesel, which is the cheapest one used nowadays, is gaining more importance. This leads to the higher usage of diesel engine in all cases of automobile. Here the diesel engine which makes the driving as passion all over the world and has the most economic less weight, high efficiency, torque & transmission. This engine is modernized with the recent advances in all aspects like Fuel injection, emmisioncontrol, Transmission and more.

INTRODUCTION: -

Diesel engines are basically reciprocating engines using heavy fuel oil or diesel oil in a Compression Ignition (C.I.) system. Compression ignition system uses heat from compression to ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber. The proposed engine has corrected the demerits of the past trends of diesel engines. The engine produces higher torque at lower RPM. Latest transmission systems are used for the most comfortable gearshift. The materials used in the engine are selected with more care in the weight reduction of the engine. The engine also been made to exhaust the wastes under strict rules of automobile acts proposed at various parts of the world. This engine in future may be a model for further diesel engine changes.

ABOUT THE ENGINE: -

The presenting of the new diesel engine, which will replace the previous in-line five cylinder diesel engines. The engine gives the output of 165 kw/224hp and a maximum torque of 510 Newton, which are highest when compared with the five cylinder engines. The modification that enhances the engine from the normal engine rare, the aluminum crankcase with cast in grey-iron cylinder liners .The normal five speed gear system is changed to the advanced 7G-Tronic gear shift the normal solenoid valve has lost its importance her due to the use of piezoinjector in this engine which all these in combination accounts to the unique performance of the engine

The torque is available from 1600 RPM and remains constant up to 2800 RPM which gives faster acceleration, brisk intermediate sprints and higher top speeds, accordingly the engine has torque characteristic which are unsuppressed in the displacement class. This ensures the remarkable output and torque potential in any driving situations. The aluminium crank case caste with grey iron cylinder liners play a major role in weight reduction .The total weight of the engine is approximately 208 kg, the power to weight ratio is 0.79kw/kg this pays major contribution to diesel algidity .The exhaust emission is stringent EU4 limits .In addition to this it also has the particulate filter for controlled emission.

FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM:

The fuel injection system of the engine is of advanced type. Here the refined common rail direct injection system combined with piezoinjector is used which leads to the progress in the fuel consumption. The newly introduced piezoinjector replaces the solenoid vales, which ensure the finely metered fuel, supply to the cylinder and makes precise adjustment on fuel injection according to loads and engine speeds. It produces five injections per power stroke this leads to the achievement of 1600 bar as the max pressure at the time of injection.

The electrically controlled intake shut-off modifies the turbulence of the intake air as it enters the cylinder, optimizing the combustion process makes the further reduction in consumption of fuel. The pilot injection process developed, which ensures a smoother combustion process and thereby audibly reduces the operating noise of the engine, takes place twice in succession. Small pilot quantities of fuel are injected within less than a millisecond and preheat the combustion chambers even more efficiently. To burn off the soot particles in the particulate filter, there is a double post-injection of fuel when required

PIEZOINJECTORS:

Instead of the previous solenoid valves, the injectors are equipped with piezo-ceramics whose crystalline structure changes within milliseconds under an electric voltage. The engine have used this effect, which was discovered in 1880 by the brothers Pierre and Jacques Curie, to lift the needle jet at the tip of the injector with a precision of only thousandths of a millimeter and thereby achieve an extremely fine jet of fuel. Moreover, piezo injectors are considerably lighter and operate at twice the speed of conventional solenoid valves. With a response time of only 0.1 milliseconds, the fuel injection process can be even more precisely suited to the current load and engine speed situation, with favorable effects on emissions, fuel consumption and combustion noise. The number of fuel injections per power stroke is increased from three to five in the injector

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:

Transmission system used in this is the most advanced which leads to the comfort driving condition. This system is called as the 7G-Tronic gearshift. This new gear system can reduce 0.6 liters of fuel per 100km. This also enhances the fastest acceleration of 100kph in 0.3 sec, while the acceleration in the intermediate speeds between 60kph to 120 kph.

The gear box can skip ratios if necessary so if high gear is selected while cursing, the electronic unit may decide to drop down two ratio if drive asks for kick down .A lockup clutch in the hydrodynamic torque converter also improves economy by eliminating the slip between the pump and the turbine motor. This also establishes a connection between engine shaft and the transmission shaft whenever possible in contrast to the convenentional transmission can do so in even at first gear. The new type torque converter, which disconnects completely at idle rather than creeping further reduce consumption. With the lightweight plastic pump the gearbox is also 15mm shorter and 14 kg lighter than the other gear systems.

EMISSIONS:

The automobile engines produce the exhaust of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and particulates. These exhaust gases produce a serious effect of pollutant in atmosphere. These pollutants are reduced by using a catalytic converter which consist of elements like palladium, Rhodium etc…

EXHAUST SYSTEM:

This engine consist of two oxidizing catalytic converter which are responsible for the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The converter are located one near the engine called light-off converter and main converter is an under floor location .The importance is the soot emission that has been accounted here the engine consist of particulate filter .The filter is purged with out the use of additives by the selective adjustment of different engine functions. Depending upon the operating parameters and filter conditions the variable common rail technology up to two precisely coordinated post injection with aim of specifically increasing the exhaust temperature. This mean that the particles trapped in the filter is turned off in a controlled manner.

SURVEY:

The survey published by BOSCH which was across westerner European countries for the newly registered passenger cars were diesel powered up to 3.2% from 2002.But due to recent advance, countries like Spain, France, Germany, Austria are the major users of diesel cars .The trend has been increased to 60.5%, 67.4%, 71.4% respectively in the mentioned countries .It has proposed that by 2007 or 2008 BOSCH believes that across western European countries whole diesel will account to 80% of sale.

CONCLUSION:

The advances in technology which in many respects have allowed diesel engines, to rival in many respects better than the gasoline units. Although, exterior & interior noise when pulling hard and vibrations are notable ay idle pays diesel for a dis. But major gains in terms of fuel economy and torque will still maintain very brisk performance has given diesel engines a wholly new image. This shows clearly that diesel goes from strength to economical strength.